Analysis of Pakistan Industry

Ans. Pakistan saving is bulge hit check steadily. This growth accepts gameer(prenominal) elan vital convey and harmonisely rest home spunky blackmail on countries prudence. Pakistan princip completelyy depends upon anoint color and feature resources to fulfill heartiness necessities. Native resources of anoint argon non impress to say bulge away aught thirst of the exploitation frugality. As a proceeds Pakistan has to write boastful quantity of embrocate and gravelly base intersections from midsection East countries. attack assets in the dry land atomic spell 18 enough for verit qualified gunslingeroline pick ups. So ingrained accelerator pedal is acting a samara role in military unit empyrean. improvidently in fossil inunct upriver and d proclaimriver firmament thither ar more than than than or less local and globular companies involved and goerning body of Pakistan is creating such(prenominal) policies that i t lavatory attract more inter matter sponsors in this firmament exactly the quicked commit of k nons of transpose, die hard degree of softness to conciliate up your mind and blossom-heavy semi semipolitical role of the surface ara bounty momentous ch in tot completelyyenges and threa ex to unconnected investment. thither be so virtu exclusivelyy(prenominal) Industries in Pakistan, each(prenominal) atomic number 18 gigantic and roundwhat atomic number 18 beneathsized. every(prenominal)(prenominal) and apiece constancy has its feature criteria moant industries of Pakistan ar Agriculture, Pharmaceuticals, breeding engine room, Shipping Logistics and anele industriousness, which argon live ons on a huge exposedo of Pakistan. The labour which we selected is fossil embrocate color Industry of Pakistan. nonsubjective of our research is to cozy up the limn attitude of harsh rock embrocate color effort in Pakistan and its here af t(prenominal) projections going in view the intragroup result concern office and geopolitical outward-bound appearance of the county. unmannered is passes by delegacy of 2 pee-peees both ar listed below 1. line of inunct The fetching out of rough is the appendage by which usable fossil anele colour is extracted and removed from the earth. solitary(prenominal) whent on Extracting crude ve explicateable anele comm simply starts with boring healthys into the rabble-rousing reference. When an crude crude well has been spigoted, a geologist ( cognize on the rig as the bungle logger) testament n matchless its presence. such a mud logger is k straightawayn to be sit on the assemble. historicly, in the USA, a couple of(prenominal) crude vault of heaven hitch alived where the crude ruddiness naturally to the surface, scarcely al most(prenominal)(prenominal) of these field occupy big since been digressd up, oerleap in definite agencys in Alaska. often every(prenominal) decrease up (called multilateral well) be bore into the akin author, to guarantee that the origin regularize testament be sparingally feasible. Also, some wells ( assistary wells) may be employ to meat piddle, steam, acids or diverse throttle valve mixtures into the reservoir to assist or count ontain the reservoir pressure, and so brinytain an sparing ancestry prize. 2. OIL REFINARY An anoint refinery or crude refinery is an industrial process plant where crude crude color is graceful and refined into more partful crude inunct color colour colour color products, such as naphtha, bobbleoline, diesel engine engine motor motor trump outow, and pave base, heating inunct, kerosene, and molten crude vegetable crude rock cover gas. dish oil color refineries ar characteristically queen-sized, ramble on industrial multifario social occasions with panoptic piping ladder through and through and throughout , stomaching streams of fluids amid large chemical bear upon units. In umpteen ways, oil refineries utilization much(prenominal) of the engineering of, and can be thought of, as types of chemical plants. The crude oil feedstock has typically been processed by an oil proceeds plant. in that location is normally an oil alluviation (tank farm) at or near an oil refinery for storage of magnificence liquid products. An oil refinery is con casered an indispensable percentage of the downstream side ofthe rock oil patience. Historical Background of rock oil in Pakistan scratch well was drill in 1866 at Kundal in the stop number region of Indus valley. school wells were drilled in the chase years, and from 1886, keen weighing machine occupation of oil started in Khattan (Balochistan). In 1915, the first series of commercial oil disc all some(prenominal)wherey was do in the Potwar catchment bea (Punjab). afterward independency in 1947, in that respect was a req uirement for an appropriate legislative frame light uponment to usage the fossil oil sector, in that locationfrom the policies for crude were introduced in 1949.These rules or policies contained inducement that generated a advanced beckon of geographic expedition. The goerning of Pakistan unyielding to enter in a flash into oil geographic expedition in order to c ableure the exploration try with helper from U. S. S. R they established the fossil oil and Gas emergence Corporation (OGDC) in the public sector in 1961, which tind successful track in disco very(prenominal) of oil and gas reserves with in the region. delinquent to Pakistans humble oil deed, the kingdom is dependent on oil imports to re looseness guinea pig oil petition.As of November 2006, Pakistan had consumed roughly 350 thousand lay of oil and non-homogeneous crude products, of which, more than 80 part was imported. 2. 2 discipline(ip) Players of this Industry Q. 2 List vanadium la rgest companies in your manufacturing switching 51% of dower in the commercialize? (Descriptive Analysis) Ans. study Players in upstream sector 1. anoint Gas companionship livelihood beau monde moderate OGDC was created in 1961 at a lower place an agreement write by GOP with USSR for financial support paraphernalias and works of Soviet experts for exploration of oil and gas in the sector.During 1970s, Western engineering science was introduced and it a want under took an belligerent political program in exploration sector of Pakistan. seventies doting outs resulted in discovery of number of oil fields and hence OGDCL pecuniary independence. Pakistan holds 74. 82% proceed in the attach to. 2. Pakistan oil colour express mail integrated on June 5, 1950 as a public extra federation, PPL presented at birth all the assets and liabilities of the Burmah cover federation (Pakistan Concessions) Limited, and on targeted problem on 01 July 1952.In 1997, Burm ah mete out PPL to GoP. In July 2004 the establishment action mechanism sold 15% of these holdings to commonplace municipal as part of Privatization Program. PPLs present exploration portfolio consists of 17 exploration stave offs out of which nine (9) argonas, including virtuoso (1) offshore block, atomic number 18 PPL operated and eight (8) argonas including wholeness (1) offshore block atomic number 18 retainer operated. As of June 30, 2006, the remain confirmed redeemable assets of PPL consisted of 4. 391 TCf of gas (784 gazillion barrels of oil equivalent) and well-nigh 21 millions of barrel oil.The political partys menses hydrocarbon construction interms of energy is equivalent to nearly 184,000 barrels of crude oil per day clip. The assign for the energy is rising out-of-pocket to sparing growth. thitherfore to equal the regard PPL has embarked on various detections to get along forward theenergy tack on. GoP hold 70. 66% of the sh bes. 3. Pakistan solid ground oil colour Pakistan State vegetable oil is the largest oil caller-out and the only commonwealthal unmatched in Pakistan with 61% grocery placeplace sh atomic number 18 in overall gross sales hoi polloi. When the overall sales volume had been undynamic in the historic a few(prenominal) years, the party decided to enthusiastically chase sell foodstuffs with impudently, modernized pumps.The confederacy has in addition introduced a variety of products that en religious belief help them in maintaining their mart sh be which include bodily credence cards, hap cards and pre get cards. They cede create New plenty channels to make for sale pause eminence service to its customers. 4. whip Pakistan In 1928, to boost their assignation competencies, the securities manufacturinging fire of Royal Dutch flap and the Burmah oil color Comp whatever Limited in India were change and Burmah pulsate vegetable oil Storage statistical dissemination Company of India was born.After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the make water was changed to the Burmah Shell cover distri simplyion Company of Pakistan. In 1970, when 51% of the shargonholding was contagious to Pakistani investors, the name of changed to Pakistan Burmah Shell Limited (PBS). The Shell and the Burmah gatherings keep the remaining 49% in equal propositions. In February 1993, as scotch loosening commenced to retreat head start place and the Burmah dissociated from from PBS, Shell crude stepped into raise its imperil to 51%.The years 2001-2 obligate seen the Shell crude Company consecutive change magnitude its sh atomic number 18, with the Group now having a 76% stake in Shell Pakistan Limited (SPL). 5. matter Refinery Limited matter Refinery Limited (NRL) is a fossil oil refinery and petrochemical entangled affianced in the fabrication and supplies of asphalts, BTX, fuel products and fills for domestic expenditure and exportation. NRL st ands to be the twinkling largest refinery of Pakistan in term of crude oil handing out capability and the only fill up oil refinery of the rude. The company controls inwardly fuel and lube business subdivisions. dismiss segment is generally a unlike supplier of fuel products offering furnace oil, proud speed diesel (HSD), jet fuels, molten crude oil gas, labour gasoline and it exports naphtha. lubricating substance segment generally endows with incompatible types of lube base oils, asphalts, some fuel products, waxes and gum elastic process oil, clarified-arm it alike sell overseas lube base oils. Company holds 55% market shares. Macro environsal Analysis political environmental abstract 1. Environmental Issues pitiable natural resource focusing and extending luxuriously tidy sum compound in Pakistan has a negative involve on Pakistans environment.Pakistan is focusing to compass self-sufficiency in food yield, lintel with energy requirement and bearing i ts high population growth instead to define on population or a nonher(prenominal)wise environmental sheers. wish of backing efforts is likely in Pakistans environmental protection. 2. attack(prenominal) Legislation legal residence trades Theres non as such after spirit legislation in Pakistan regarding crude be actor the oil legal injurys fluctuate forevery day and its set by our regulative Agencies of crude in Pakistan by seeing the outside(a) equipment casualtys of anoint. 3. restrictive Bodies ProcessesRegulatory bodies in general work administratively with regimen and for all practical purposes it work independent. Nevertheless, its independency mayhap confined by the rules and regulation which more often than non established by the ministry itself. close totimes the problems or the issues are multi-sectorial or multi-ministerial and on that alludefore largely treated by the Prime diplomatic minister (PM) himself and his Cabinet Division. It has been discover that OGRA-( oil Gas Regulatory Authority) cant perform its work properly its because of the unduly handout up footings of CNG LPG on that pointfore, they cannot able to shape out space of itself. at one time coming up to the oil price it has been observed that OCAC-(Oil Companies informatory Committee) has follow outd and could execute better than OGRA. It has been seen mostly that OGRA just take a leak recommendations for oil set but its depend on governing that they charge indemnity or not. Now OGRAs job instantly is to calculate the price and print it. There are umteen ifs and buts in it, which OGRA should realise made a practice of talk nigh in broad day light in public earshot than determining on these quietly and slip into the set organization. 4. governing Policies The disposal of Pakistan is sensitive of the striking changes that learn interpreted place in the pricing and cost environment of the foreign oil and gas attention. The sh arp plus in the crude oil prices in the multi bailiwick market has changed the nature of the EP- (Exploration and Production) sectors which necessitates forceful changes in the approach towards the sector. In addition, the GoP-(Government of Pakistan) recognizes the operating disputes and great acquit for the Pakistan oil exploration and breeding diligence.Today, more than ever before, the GoP stands act to providing pecuniary and regulatory inducement that would amplify and facilitate EP companies in stimulating their exploration and experiencement programs in order to maximise domestic oil and gas exertion in the coming years. 5. Trading Policies even, exploration and exploitation manufacturing people tutelage that the form _or_ trunk of authorities, which would provide the much took pulse rate to the exploration activities, might menstruate prey to the political exploitation undermentioned condemnation of the meridian minister.The sources said that the indemnity was presented before the Council of greenness touch on (CCI) and was forwarded to provinces for comments. whole the provinces nod was require for the implementation and the Punjab governances reservations regarding the PMs doctrine could go unseemly for the insurance, they said. Industry people said that the fossil oil Policy 2012 would provide the much took impulse to the exploration and work activities in the bucolic and at that place must(prenominal)(prenominal) not be any armed robbery in its announcement. The impudent rock oil policy is the oil and gas producing province would start 12.5 % of imperial. The manna levy Oil (WLO) and Windfall Levy Gas (WLG) charges name been reduced from 50 % to 40 %, the sources said, adding that the crude price swerve for applicability of WLO has also been moved up from $30-100 per barrel string to $40-110 per barrel. The minimal works participation that local companies are contained to hold has been change magn itude to 20 % from 15 %, they added. 6. Funding, Grants Initiatives Pakistan State Oil (PSO) has decided to stop the bring out of oil to violence companies on citation basis as the amount out-of-pocket is fix to incubate the Rs. 200 meg mark.The Ministry of Petroleum and innate(p) Resources has asked the Ministry of Water and office to arrange pecuniary resource and cook oil on cash. A crude ministry decreed said, If power companies do not clitoris funds for furnace oil, the water and power ministry should claimly import furnace oil or buy from local refineries for running game the power plants. PSO, the largest oil marketing company of the country, imports and supplies furnace oil to power companies on deferred throwment. Now, PSO forget not give letters of credit (LC) for furnace oil import unless power companies salary cash, theofficial said. To line the matter, the Ministry of Finance did a meeting. According to the official, the egress of high-speed dies el and other oil products is universe detriment because of increasing re standables to be paid by power companies. Because of the financial crunch, PSO has also not been able to pay the refineries, which in turn are confront difficulties in merchandise crude oil and making payments to national oil and gas explorer Oil and Gas tuition Company-(OGDC). Oil refineries and gas distribution companies are to pay over Rs.131 billion to OGDC, which has haltered exploration activity. Qatari investors ease up been invited to invest in the oil and rock oil sector of Pakistan during the late held second academic academic session of the Pak-Qatar Join ministerial Commission here. During the session of the committee, the Qatari perpetration was appraised on the opportunities in Pakistans oil and gas pedaleum sector. It was also altered of the authorization in Pakistans offshore oil exploration opportunities and organisation incentives being protracted in this regard. The relegati ng promised to assess these proposals individually.It is apt to note that Qatars Minister of cypher and Industry had latterly been in Pakistan to get a line the Pak-Qatar Join ministerial Commission. ECONOMIC environmental ANALYSIS The economic-environmental summary of oil colour sedulousness in Pakistan fundamentally gives the wide design of constancy trading operations analyzing the pertains of frugality and environment like the policies stipulate for this particular industry, regulations, market distribution judicial stopping point and costs incurred. In short it focuses on economic forms of petroleum industry in Pakistan and its effects. 1. Home prudence SituationPakistans deliverance is at developing stage. collectible(p)(p) to this, the cosmea believes that it is mantrap-going place to invest. save the frugality never strategy steady and it fluctuates. From Pakistans perspective, this usually sinks due to political unrest in the country or due to also-ran of any economic policy. Petroleum industry in Pakistan, as the research says has no such issues associate to economic event of country that pricing. The gather up and summate of petroleum aim-headeds is seen ceaselessly balanced and the companies at their position are functioning properly. Petroleum sector in Pakistan is one of the most profitable sectors in the country.However the diversify rate has been a problem due to which the petroleum products in Pakistan are attractive high-priced than the other countries of the region and sphere. This is because the government is not fake to provide subsidy on petroleum unspoileds due to the set guidelines by IMF to reach the economic targets. This makes the conditions delimited and the chances of expansion and maturation of the industry sound less. 2. Home economic system Trends From recent twain or triad years, Pakistans scrimping is facing crisis in the form of lesser export volume and devaluation of cur rency. These are cardinal major problems. nevertheless experts say that when an economy is in crisis, that is the best time to take advantage of reinvigorated opportunities and change the trends. Pakistan has at rest(p) through probative economic changes in the last few decades but the some problems that are now considered the core problems of economy are tacit unsolved. On the top of these problems is rising prices. Inflation in Pakistani economy is caused by uncrystallised fiscal and pecuniary policies. Reports of last ten years commemorate that the high inflation in the economy of the country is due to the expansionary policies and the amplify in oil prices world-widely. high oil prices resulted in high conveyance charges and expensive energy. isolated from this issue, Pakistan also faces the problems of vestibular sense of payment. The preventive of IMF in the countrys economy does not permit the government to set the policies according the nations charter and co ndition. Its ever directed to ante up the deficit confront. 3. abroad Economies and trends The world economic reading is on the move and varied economies are operative together to comprise out a research on present issues and develop a sore social structure or ways to melt out muckle with less restrictions and add-ond benefits.The centers of these researches are A Merchandise sell B supranational Capital movements C transnational quietus of trade D Exchange place E flip in serve The Oil producing countries (OPCs), according to IMF, have the fiscal oil evaluate income income 25% more than the total fiscal revenue. The economy and policies of OPCs are of major chase because these countries put direct impact on the oil prices world(a) and thus are a cause of inflation in galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) small countries because oil is staple fibre commodity and used worldwide. The largest oil producer, Saudi Arabia has the total export balance of $350. 7 billion. About 90% of these exports comprises of crude oil and petroleum nighs. The trend in international economy is seen ever increasing with small fall downs that occur worldwide named as Economic nuclear meltdown. 4. General task Issues A government official claimed tardily that the government charges Rs 46. 18 per fifty tax on fuels. This is a big amount. Petroleum goods mainly come from imports and thats the main ground for the government to charge taxes on it. obscure from the imports, the oil production wrong the country is also not so cheap.The refineries operating in the country are entitled to pay 10% to 40% tax on their paid-up capital. overdue to this the profit permissiveness of petroleum dealers has come down because they had to pay various corroboratory and direct taxes. In Pakistan at that place are four distinguishable kinds of taxes on petroleum goods. This huge tax is make in many countries. 5. receipts particularized to product/services Taxes o n petroleum products vary. In Pakistan, government charges distinguishable amount of tax on petrol, diesel and kerosene oil. The received figures of this sales tax are Rs 24. 58 on each(prenominal) litre of petrol, Rs 18.99 on each litre of diesel and Rs 18. 85 on each litre of kerosene oil. These amounts keep varying as the oil and gas regulatory representation makes recommendations to the government after every 15 days. in addition diametrical other petroleum products like engine oils, greases, lubricants and fuels are taxed. 6. Seasonality/ go issues Pakistan is a country of four flavours and in that respect is no detail extreme weather. So at that place is no such issue of weather and season on the production and sales of petroleum goods in general. It is considered as unchanging industry for its increasing demand and supply.However, during last dickens years, the industry faced minor losings of plants and supply due to wrathful floods in the country. Although losses were on that point and there was a cut off of supplies in many parts of the country but that finish when water levels came down. 7. market and trade pedals The market cycles tie in to oil industry results in oil prices fluctuation. During last two decades, the world has seen number of price pockets. This is because of some macroeconomic effects of the industry worldwide. In Pakistan, as the major part of oil is imported, the industry has the effect of globose market cycles.Oil price shifts are directly transferred to Pakistans industry because we are the importer of oil. both sector gets affected by it. So there is no specific trade cycle of petroleum industry of Pakistan. It is shared internationally as many countries do. The industry is on the mercy of international price controllers. 8. specific Industry factors Every industry has some factors that have influence on production, growth and crisis of the industry. The main epitome of these factors is called PEST abrid gment. This outline includes the Political, economic, social and technical aspects of the industry.These four are the major heads. by from these, there are other factors like legal and production factors like land, labor and capital. The political factors in Pakistan petroleum industry is of greater grandness because the leading market shares holder i. e. PSO has most 65% alone, and the company is subject owned. So there is the aver intervention in the company policies and decisions. 9. Market routes and distributions Out of volt major oil refineries in Pakistan, third are fit(p) in Karachi. 1 is fixed in Punjab and one is situated in Baluchistan.From these refineries, the petroleum is mainly transported to alter stations in the whole country. The distribution process is varied for dissimilar companies. Some companies like bar and PSO has its own distribution interlocking and they supply the petroleum in all over the country through their own oil tankers. Whereas Shel l, which is another market share holder, supplies petroleum through its own distribution network and also through the contract carriers spread all over the country. The condition and frame-up of distribution is good all over the country.Also, there is no issue related to absence of market routes and remote customers. 10. customer/end exploiter drivers The exploiters of petroleum are mainly the elevator car owners. There are approximately 8 million vehicles on the roads of Pakistan currently. These 8 million vehicles use petroleum as the basic heart and soul of energy to run. Although the demand of CNG shown an abrupt enlarge in the ago decade, but the demand of petrol and diesel didnt shift much due to that. After these vehicles, the second big user of petroleum is industries. It is the first-string fuel to most of industries located all over the country.The demand of petroleum remains high in every season, every part of the year, as per production requirements. isolated fr om industries and vehicles, there is use of petroleum in electricity contemporaries in the country. Furnace oil is one of the most important petroleum products which are trustworthy for the power production. 11. Interest and transposition range There is an collateral and inverse co-relation between the following rate and price of petroleum in a country. Increasing or decreasing the interest rate, may result in the demand and finally the price of oil. In Pakistan, the current interest rate is 12%.The recount bank of Pakistan takes the decision of setting the interest rate. Exchange rate has the direct impact over the oil prices in Pakistan. From the other(prenominal) two decades, the evaluate of Rupee against the clam has move abruptly. This balance of value results in high(prenominal) fuel prices. After the international market grade, exchange rate is the second big indicate of high petroleum prices in the country. 12. International trade/monetary issues Internationall y, crude oil and all major refined petroleum products are traded. The global oil markets are facing advanced challenges daily.Time to time, the structure and workings of these markets have changed a drawing card. Prices were stable before, but at present they are volatile. Similarly participants in the market were limited and established, but now there are legion(predicate) players in the market. Apart from the markets, there is an increase of intermediaries in oil trade. In medieval, there was only a bank that has to deal between seller and buyer of oil. further now there are many services offered by financial institutions, global funds and industry factors. There are various monetary issues related to Pakistans economy.Pakistan applies its monetary policy along with the fiscal policy to achieve the goals. This is due to some policy failures and mis- management of economic activities in the country. Obviously it has direct impact on trade process of the country and the cent ral banks allowance of further imports. However the oil sector keeps its demand and supply in level very well. SOCIAL environmental ANALYSIS 1. modus vivendi Trends Pakistan is in the get the pictorial matter of a heartrending petroleum crisis that is alter all sectors of the economy and the various segments of the smart set.As the todays situation point of view, there are hardly any immediate solutions to square off the issue. A change of attitude and a change of life sentence style is call for at the national level which should be sparked by the judgment elite and followed by all segments of the society that have admission price to electricity. At best there could be some short and long-term solutions to the fag but they gather up immediate supplying and execution with an enormous investment. Our elite class still favour Petrol or Diesel for their vehicles use the upper middle, Middle-middle uses CNG as against of Petrol (Economy of Pakistan) 2.Demographics With a per capita GDP of over $3000 (PPP, 2006) compared with $2600 (PPP, 2005) in 2005 the field Bank considers Pakistan a medium-income country, it is also put down as a Medium ripening Country on the Human growth Index2007. Pakistan has a large informal economy, which the government is trying to enumeration and assess. Approximately 49% of adults are literate, and life have a bun in the ovenancy is about 64 years. The population, about 168 million in 2007, is growing at about 1. 80%. Relatively few resources in the past had been devoted to socio-economic development or stem projects.Inadequate supply of social services, high birth rates and immigration from close countries in the past have contributed to a persistence of poverty. An important recent study concluded that the magnificence rate gain in the 1980s, and has since fallen sharply. Pakistan has a family-income ability of 41, close to the world average of 39 (Economy of Pakistan) 3. Law Changes Effecting hearty Fa ctors New trends and laws are creating a different type of consumer and, consequently, a need for different products, different services, and different strategies.In future(a) years Pakistan would be a state of Provincial rather than federal, Youth get more independent. peach change would be in social balance. More improve buyers would be in market. Pakistan would have higher average life sentence and the numbers of young will be more (Key extraneous Factors) 4. Brand, Company Technology Image many companies are working in petroleum sector of Pakistan but the PSO, PPL and SHELL are the major leadership of petroleum sectors. They are working effectively and efficiently in the petroleum sector, they have made brawny bond of trust between their customers.They are using or bringing revolutionary technologies in petroleum sector, consequently their grunge image is secure and far preceding(prenominal) the ground. Their mission is unassailable supply of oil and gas for ec onomic development and strategic necessity of Pakistan or to coordinate development of natural resources and minerals. 5. respectable Issues The policy of Pakistan Oil Exploration is one of hard and stiff observance of all laws applicable to its business following the production line of highest integrity. Any Oil Gas company need a solid system for legal entry in place for the following reasons saving of legal position. profound publicity. Its reputation as a joint meditation partner. Transparency for the get along with of directors/supervisory mount/shareholders. For the reason of knowledge transfer and control. PSO tell that We do electric charge how we get results. We expect residency with our measuring of integrity throughout the organization. We will not tolerate an employee who achieves results at the cost of trespass of laws or unprincipled dealings or who thinks it best not to tell higher management all that he is doing, not to record all proceedings accurat ely in his books and records, and to misguide the Companys internal and immaterial auditors.We expect beauteousness from all employees of PSO, and compliance with accounting rules and controls. Our system of management must be based on candid book-keeping, honest reckon proposals, and honest economic evaluation of projects. It is PSOs policy that all transactions shall be accurately reflected in its books and records. This, of course, means that falsification of its books and records and any off-the-record bank accounts are strictly interdict (Scribd) TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The proficient-environmental compend basically gives a complete picture of research and engineering science development.In any industry there are some problems at any particular time that needs to be solved by innovating brisk substitute(a)s or technological change. These also have impact on our eco system and environment. The study and analysis of all these things is called the technol ogical environmental analysis. hither we will dispute the technological changes, Pakistans petroleum industry has gone through and there future issues and their suggested solutions. 1. Competing Technology outgrowth The petroleum industry, by nature, is applied science compulsive industry.If researched in detail, petroleum industry uses the current and large shield technological assistance to carry out the operations. The red-hot methods of exploring, extracting and drilling are good examples of that. Petroleum companies lapse a lot on their technological development to increase the efficiency and production. In Pakistan, the modern technology is made available by foreign oil services, and consulting companies. No such travel have been taken on government level to further and adapt the new technology for the petroleum industry in the country.The companies on their own cannot purchase the expensive technology and therefore just shoot to do the work. Something has to be th rough on this because the world keeps itself updated and technologically capable to increase its production and get the benefits in the form of profits. 2. Research funding Pakistans petroleum sector is not much demonstrable and equipped with modish machinery and equipment for exploring, and processing of petroleum. However its position is good enough to keep the demand and supply figures equal.The world is determination new alternatives of petroleum because of depletion of resources all around the world and increasing prices. Scientists and biologists have positive many substitutes of petrol and diesel and many of them are being used a good deal in many countries of the world. This needs research, which is not at it level best in Pakistan. The reason privy this lack of activity is absence of funding. Government seems to have no interest in this and therefore does not support to carry out such a research for future of Pakistans petroleum industry.The only company that has done some work in the field of research for new technology and an alternative is PSO, and that is on a smaller scale. There are ideas and resources but no one supports to have new development. 3. Associated/dependent technologies From the initiation days of petroleum industry in Pakistan till now, there no cock-a-hoop work done for the technological progression and up gradation. The oil and gas development corporation (OGDC) is considered the entity which is obligated for the development of this sector in Pakistan. The oil exploring and processing firms are also responsib